加热炉鼓草莓视频app黄:风机电机由变频器驱动，在运行过程中遇到负载端轴承加热的问题。两台鼓风机电机在(zai)运(yun)行(xing)半年内(nei)(nei)，电(dian)机负载端轴承(cheng)严重加(jia)(jia)热(re)。轴承(cheng)内(nei)(nei)的(de)润滑(hua)脂熔(rong)化(hua)，轴承(cheng)在(zai)短时间内(nei)(nei)锁(suo)定，电(dian)机堵塞跳闸(zha)，导致加(jia)(jia)热(re)炉停止，对生产产生很大影(ying)响。之后，检(jian)查(cha)发现轴承(cheng)箱内(nei)(nei)没有(you)润滑(hua)脂，轴承(cheng)加(jia)(jia)热(re)变黑，内(nei)(nei)外有(you)摩擦板条烧(shao)损(sun)图案。根据这种情况(kuang)，我们判断轴承(cheng)电(dian)流是电(dian)机负载端轴承(cheng)加(jia)(jia)热(re)的(de)主要原因。

1　轴承(cheng)电流的原因和危害(hai)

感应电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)始终存在(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。在(zai)(zai)正弦波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驱动下，由于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)转子(zi)槽尺寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏差(cha)、磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)材(cai)料(liao)定向性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)变(bian)(bian)(bian)化或(huo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三相(xiang)不(bu)平(ping)衡、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)磁(ci)(ci)通量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)平(ping)衡，轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)产生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)转子(zi)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)。轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)幅值小，危害(hai)小。由变(bian)(bian)(bian)频(pin)器(qi)(qi)驱动，由于原(yuan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害(hai)大(da)大(da)增加。通用(yong)变(bian)(bian)(bian)频(pin)器(qi)(qi)多(duo)用(yong)PWM逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)采用(yong)高(gao)频(pin)功率(lv)(lv)元(yuan)件IGBT等等)，在(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)得到类似正弦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)波形。三相(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)基波分量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)产生(sheng)矢量为零，但实际上(shang)每(mei)时(shi)每(mei)刻三相(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)矢量不(bu)为零，三相(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)平(ping)衡。共(gong)模电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)范围等于变(bian)(bian)(bian)频(pin)器(qi)(qi)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)侧电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，频(pin)率(lv)(lv)等于逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)开关频(pin)率(lv)(lv)。共(gong)模电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)通过固定转子(zi)之间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)静电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容耦合(he)在(zai)(zai)转子(zi)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)，产生(sheng)相(xiang)同(tong)频(pin)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。一般(ban)变(bian)(bian)(bian)频(pin)器(qi)(qi)逆(ni)变(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)侧载波频(pin)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)，在(zai)(zai)10kHz以上(shang)，定子(zi)和电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)缆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)频(pin)率(lv)(lv)过高(gao)，产生(sheng)非常(chang)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)频(pin)率(lv)(lv)dv/dt增加波形畸(ji)变(bian)(bian)(bian)。由于静电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)莲花，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)各部分之间有不(bu)同(tong)大(da)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分布电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容，产生(sheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零序电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，通过轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)面放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)产生(sheng)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。通常(chang)，轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)球漂浮在(zai)(zai)润滑脂(zhi)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)膜中(zhong)。当油(you)(you)膜因(yin)某种原(yuan)因(yin)损(sun)坏或(huo)过大(da)时(shi)，润滑膜起绝缘作用(yong)dv/dt轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)通过油(you)(you)膜放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)内外(wai)环和球上(shang)燃烧。长(zhang)期运行将(jiang)发展成摩(mo)擦板图案(an)，提高(gao)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)温度，熔化润滑脂(zhi)，使轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)运行更差(cha)。

2　共模电流路径

由于(yu)静电(dian)(dian)(dian)莲(lian)花，电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)各部分之间有或(huo)大或(huo)小的(de)分布电(dian)(dian)(dian)容，产生电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)转(zhuan)子上共(gong)模电(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)释放(fang)路径(jing)(jing)。大多数共(gong)模电(dian)(dian)(dian)流通过(guo)(guo)定子-外壳(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)-地(di)(di)板-变(bian)频(pin)器外壳(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)路径(jing)(jing)，少(shao)数通过(guo)(guo)定子-转(zhuan)子-转(zhuan)子-轴(zhou)承(cheng)-外壳(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)-地(di)(di)板-变(bian)频(pin)器外壳(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)路径(jing)(jing)。当变(bian)频(pin)器接(jie)地(di)(di)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)外壳(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)之间的(de)阻抗高于(yu)变(bian)频(pin)器外壳(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)与负载之间的(de)阻抗时，也会(hui)带来(lai)轴(zhou)向延伸电(dian)(dian)(dian)流。通过(guo)(guo)定子-外壳(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)-旋(xuan)转(zhuan)轴(zhou)-负载端(duan)轴(zhou)承(cheng)（电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)）-旋(xuan)转(zhuan)轴(zhou)-轴(zhou)承(cheng)（负载）-地(di)(di)板-变(bian)频(pin)器外壳(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路释放(fang)，不仅会(hui)危(wei)及电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)负载端(duan)轴(zhou)承(cheng)，还会(hui)危(wei)及负载轴(zhou)承(cheng)和旋(xuan)转(zhuan)轴(zhou)器。后双共(gong)模电(dian)(dian)(dian)流通过(guo)(guo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)轴(zhou)承(cheng)，第 二(er)种方式(shi)造(zao)成更大的(de)危(wei)害。

3　轴(zhou)承电流抑 制的(de)常(chang)见措(cuo)施

抑(yi) 制(zhi)轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)电(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)有很(hen)多(duo)，比如在变(bian)频器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)导出(chu)侧安装正弦波(bo)滤(lv)波(bo)器(qi)，以提高(gao)导出(chu)电(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)形；绝缘电(dian)机(ji)一(yi)端的(de)(de)(de)轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)切断电(dian)机(ji)转轴(zhou)(zhou)和轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)环流(liu)；在电(dian)机(ji)输(shu)出(chu)轴(zhou)(zhou)上安装接地(di)碳刷，以抑(yi) 制(zhi)轴(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)过负载接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)延伸电(dian)流(liu)。这些方(fang)法(fa)可以抑(yi) 制(zhi)相应的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)。

4　风机负载端轴承(cheng)损坏(huai)过程分(fen)析

基于上(shang)述轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)电流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)原理，结合(he)电机的(de)(de)运行状态，阐(chan)述了轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)损坏和(he)(he)故障是一个过程(cheng)(cheng)。轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)电流(liu)(liu)是主要原因。同(tong)时，机械振动和(he)(he)润(run)滑脂消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)是次要原因，促进了轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)电流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)产(chan)生，并(bing)在一定程(cheng)(cheng)度上(shang)加剧(ju)了危害。风(feng)机电机投入使用后，由于轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)间(jian)隙对称大威胁，因为(wei)轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)间(jian)隙对称，润(run)滑充分，润(run)滑油膜(mo)对称。随(sui)着(zhe)润(run)滑脂消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)增(zeng)加，负载(zai)(zai)端振动的(de)(de)增(zeng)加首先导(dao)致负载(zai)(zai)端轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)间(jian)隙的(de)(de)增(zeng)加，轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)电压的(de)(de)严重渗透和(he)(he)放电，轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)电流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)增(zeng)加，导(dao)致负载(zai)(zai)端轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)内部(bu)通道的(de)(de)电燃烧、温度升(sheng)高和(he)(he)润(run)滑脂液化(hua)，直到轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)严重损坏和(he)(he)热损坏。因此，我们认为(wei)应该使用各(ge)种方(fang)法来减少和(he)(he)抑 制(zhi)轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)电流(liu)(liu)。绝缘轴(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)其他(ta)方(fang)法暂(zan)时不被(bei)考虑，因为(wei)它很难实现。

5　应对策略(lve)和实际(ji)效果

采取以下措施减少电机发热和燃烧。

（1）重新校准电机和(he)负载，浇筑电机安装平台基础，增加地脚(jiao)厚度，提高电机地脚(jiao)刚度，减少运行振动(dong)；

(2)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机负载(zai)端轴(zhou)承(cheng)(易润(run)润(run))在线(xian)润(run)润(run)设(she)备Easylube），该设(she)备可以用螺钉(ding)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在负载(zai)轴(zhou)承(cheng)的(de)(de)注(zhu)(zhu)油孔上。它(ta)使(shi)用锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池供电(dian)(dian)(dian)，并使(shi)用全(quan)智能(neng)芯片(pian)和(he)(he)特(te)殊的(de)(de)检(jian)测(ce)(ce)设(she)备来控制(zhi)内部电(dian)(dian)(dian)机。它(ta)通过齿轮组驱(qu)动(dong)(dong)螺杆(gan)和(he)(he)压板来驱(qu)动(dong)(dong)活(huo)塞，并根(gen)(gen)据(ju)设(she)定(ding)(ding)周期每天分(fen)配油杯中的(de)(de)润(run)滑脂(zhi)。它(ta)定(ding)(ding)期和(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)量(liang)地注(zhu)(zhu)入轴(zhou)承(cheng)，这是一个很好(hao)的(de)(de)改进和(he)(he)润(run)湿。根(gen)(gen)据(ju)实(shi)际测(ce)(ce)量(liang)，在同一环(huan)(huan)境(jing)下，在线(xian)注(zhu)(zhu)油后(hou)，负载(zai)轴(zhou)承(cheng)温度降低7℃。根(gen)(gen)据(ju)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机轴(zhou)承(cheng)润(run)滑脂(zhi)的(de)(de)消耗(hao)(hao)，设(she)置(zhi)不同的(de)(de)周期：新电(dian)(dian)(dian)机、新轴(zhou)承(cheng)、环(huan)(huan)境(jing)温度低、设(she)置(zhi)时间长(zhang)、运行时间长(zhang)、轴(zhou)承(cheng)损坏或(huo)环(huan)(huan)境(jing)温度高的(de)(de)设(she)置(zhi)周期短。这种灵(ling)活(huo)的(de)(de)使(shi)用可以有(you)效地确保轴(zhou)承(cheng)有(you)足够的(de)(de)润(run)滑，避免润(run)滑脂(zhi)消耗(hao)(hao)后(hou)的(de)(de)恶性循环(huan)(huan)；

(3)使用10个电(dian)(dian)机(ji)外(wai)壳(qiao)和负(fu)载(zai)机(ji)械设备mm2上述铜电(dian)(dian)缆连(lian)接(jie)后接(jie)地，与变频器外(wai)壳(qiao)和接(jie)地线连(lian)接(jie)，电(dian)(dian)位相同(tong)。这样可以有(you)效降低(di)电(dian)(dian)机(ji)转子-外(wai)壳(qiao)-电(dian)(dian)机(ji)负(fu)载(zai)端轴承(cheng)-轴-负(fu)载(zai)侧轴承(cheng)-接(jie)地电(dian)(dian)路(lu)的轴延(yan)电(dian)(dian)流，降低(di)负(fu)载(zai)端轴承(cheng)的加热；

(4)安装在变频器输出侧dv/dt滤波器可以减少变频器输出电流中的波形畸变，提高电机和电缆的使用寿命，减少电(dian)机和(he)电(dian)缆的(de)使用寿(shou)命dv/dt降低(di)轴承(cheng)的(de)峰(feng)值电(dian)压(ya)dv/dt通过峰(feng)值电(dian)压(ya)抑 制(zhi)轴承(cheng)电(dian)流的(de)产生；

(5)缩短电机轴承的维护周期，每运行4000小时(约6个月)后取出电机，拆卸后检查轴承的磨损情(qing)况，彻 底清(qing)洗并注入脂肪，磨损严重(zhong)时(shi)及时(shi)更换。

6　结语

通过上述措施的(de)(de)综合实施，电机运行平(ping)稳(wen)，完全湿润(run)，电机轴承温升(sheng)保(bao)持在可接受范围内，电机跳闸设备故(gu)障不再(zai)发生(sheng)，为加(jia)热炉的(de)(de)生(sheng)产创造了良好的(de)(de)条件(jian)。